CVE-2025-41115 (CVSS 10.0) Exploits SCIM in Gra…

CVE-2025-41115 (CVSS 10.0): A Maximum-Severity Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in the Grafana SCIM Component

Estimated reading time: 7 minutes

Key Takeaway 1: A maximum-severity privilege escalation vulnerability (CVE-2025-41115) has been identified in Grafana’s SCIM component.
Key Takeaway 2: Successful exploitation could lead to privilege escalation or user impersonation, including admin accounts.
Key Takeaway 3: Mitigation involves upgrading to Grafana Enterprise 12.3 or applying patches for versions 12.2.1, 12.1.3, and 12.0.6.
Key Takeaway 4: Organizations should verify the configuration of the `enableSCIM` feature flag and `user_sync_enabled` option.

Table of Contents

CVE-2025-41115 Analysis
Technical Summary for Cybersecurity Professionals
Practical Takeaways
PurpleOps and Vulnerability Management
FAQ

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly under pressure from newly discovered vulnerabilities. Following the disclosure of CVE-2025-48593, a critical RCE issue in the Android System component, a maximum-severity vulnerability in Grafana, tracked as CVE-2025-41115 (CVSS 10.0), requires immediate attention. This flaw could lead to privilege escalation or user impersonation in specific configurations.

CVE-2025-41115 Analysis

Grafana is an open-source analytics and interactive visualization platform. It’s used to monitor, analyze, and visualize data from various sources. The platform’s widespread use makes it a frequent target for malicious actors. In June 2025, an XSS vulnerability, CVE-2025-4123, was discovered in Grafana, which allowed attackers to execute malicious plugins and compromise user accounts without requiring elevated permissions.

The increasing number of security issues impacting open-source ecosystems highlights the need for continuous monitoring and proactive security measures. The 2025 Open Source Security and Risk Analysis (OSSRA) report indicated that 86% of reviewed applications contained vulnerable open-source components, with 81% of those flaws being rated as high or critical.

Grafana has released updated versions of Grafana Enterprise 12.3, along with patched versions 12.2.1, 12.1.3, and 12.0.6 to address the newly discovered maximum-severity vulnerability, CVE-2025-41115. The vulnerability was identified during an internal audit on November 4, 2025. The flaw has the highest possible CVSS score of 10.0 and affects the SCIM (System for Cross-domain Identity Management) feature. The SCIM feature was introduced in Grafana 12.x in mid-spring 2025 and is currently in public preview.

The vulnerability is present in Grafana 12.x when SCIM provisioning is enabled and configured. A compromised SCIM client can provision a user with a numeric externalId. This action can override internal user IDs, allowing impersonation of other users (including admin accounts) or privilege escalation.

Exploitation of this vulnerability requires that both the enableSCIM feature flag and the user_sync_enabled option in the [auth.scim] configuration block are enabled.

The vulnerability impacts Grafana Enterprise versions 12.0.0 through 12.2.1. Grafana directly maps the SCIM externalId to its internal user.uid, and numeric values can be misinterpreted as existing user IDs. Under certain conditions, a newly created user might be treated as an internal account with elevated privileges.

Grafana released patches to mitigate CVE-2025-41115 promptly. Given the severity of the vulnerability, organizations should apply the updates to minimize potential attacks.

Technical Summary for Cybersecurity Professionals

Vulnerability: CVE-2025-41115 – Grafana SCIM Privilege Escalation
Affected Versions: Grafana Enterprise 12.0.0 – 12.2.1
CVSS Score: 10.0
Attack Vector: A malicious SCIM client can provision a user with a numeric externalId, which can override internal user IDs.
Impact: Privilege escalation and user impersonation (including admin accounts).
Mitigation: Upgrade to Grafana Enterprise 12.3 or apply the patches for versions 12.2.1, 12.1.3, and 12.0.6.
Conditions for Exploitation: Both the enableSCIM feature flag and the user_sync_enabled option in the [auth.scim] configuration block must be enabled.

Practical Takeaways

For Technical Readers:
- Immediately apply the provided patches or upgrade to Grafana Enterprise 12.3.
- Verify that the enableSCIM feature flag and the user_sync_enabled option are disabled in the [auth.scim] configuration block if SCIM is not actively used.
- Review and audit user provisioning processes to ensure no unauthorized or malicious SCIM clients are in use.
- Implement monitoring and alerting for unusual user creation or privilege escalation events.
- Integrate real-time threat intelligence feeds to stay informed about potential exploit attempts targeting CVE-2025-41115.
- Leverage breach detection systems to identify any anomalous activity indicative of a successful exploit.
For Non-Technical Readers (Business Leaders):
- Confirm with your IT and security teams that the necessary updates have been applied to your Grafana instances.
- Understand whether your organization utilizes the SCIM feature in Grafana and, if so, ensure it is properly configured and monitored.
- Ensure that your organization has procedures for detecting and responding to unusual user activity or potential security incidents.
- Invest in cyber threat intelligence platforms to stay informed about vulnerabilities relevant to your technology stack.
- Implement supply-chain risk monitoring to assess the security posture of third-party software and services.

PurpleOps and Vulnerability Management

PurpleOps provides a suite of cybersecurity services that can assist organizations in mitigating the risks associated with vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-41115.

Cyber Threat Intelligence Platform: PurpleOps offers a comprehensive cyber threat intelligence platform that aggregates and analyzes threat data from various sources, including the dark web, underground forums, and real-time ransomware intelligence feeds. This allows organizations to stay informed about emerging threats and proactively identify potential vulnerabilities in their systems.
Breach Detection: Our breach detection services leverage advanced analytics and machine learning to identify anomalous activity that may indicate a successful exploit of a vulnerability like CVE-2025-41115.
Supply-Chain Risk Monitoring: PurpleOps’ supply-chain risk monitoring service can help organizations assess the security posture of their third-party software and services, including Grafana. This service can identify potential vulnerabilities in these systems and provide recommendations for mitigation.
Dark Web Monitoring Service: Our dark web monitoring service actively searches for mentions of your organization’s data, credentials, or systems on the dark web. This can help you detect potential data breaches or other security incidents before they escalate.
Underground Forum Intelligence: PurpleOps monitors underground forums frequented by cybercriminals to gather intelligence on emerging threats, vulnerabilities, and attack techniques.

CVE-2025-41115 is a critical vulnerability that requires immediate attention. Organizations should follow the recommended mitigation steps and leverage cybersecurity services like those offered by PurpleOps to reduce their risk of exploitation.

For more information about PurpleOps’ PurpleOps Solutions, please visit our website at PurpleOps Solutions or contact us for a consultation. Learn more about our platform here: PurpleOps platform.